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Knowledge
Base

Knowledge Inquiry

This is referred to as the 'first generation knowledge'; it constitutes the unmanageable multitude of primary studies or information of variable quality addressing a particular question. This is knowledge in its natural state, largely unrefined.

The following are useful databases for querying primary studies that are the first generation knowledge:

PubMed
PubMed, available via the NCBI Entrez retrieval system, was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM), located at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Entrez is the text-based search and retrieval system used at NCBI for services including PubMed, Nucleotide and Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, Complete Genomes, Taxonomy, OMIM, and many others. PubMed provides access to citations from biomedical literature, as well as access to full-text articles at journal Web sites and other related Web resources. PubMed also provides access and links to the other Entrez molecular biology resources. PubMed Clinical Queries is a subset of articles in PubMed offering a user-friendly approach to find evidence-based information. Clinical Queries provides clinicians with a simple and fast way to find reliable clinical studies. It is divided into 3 sections: 1) Search by Clinical Study, 2) Find Systematic Reviews, and 3) Medical Genetic Searches.
Embase
EMBASE.com is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database, which provides access to the most up-to-date citations and abstracts from biomedical and drug literature via EMBASE and Medline. It contains over 19 million indexed records from 7,000+ peer reviewed journals, covering 1947 to date, with more than 600,000 additions annually. EMBASE is indexed using the Elsevier life science thesaurus, EMTREE and Medline records are mapped to EMBASE before adding to EMBASE.com.
RDRB
The Research and Development Resource Base (RDRB) is a bibliographic database of literature that houses a collection for 3 distinct yet inter-related fields: Continuing Education & Knowledge Translation, Interprofessional Literature, and Faculty Development. Each article in the RDRB has extensive keywords, and many offer a link to a short abstract or summary. Searches can be broadly based or very specific, depending on the selection of keywords.
SUMSearch
SUMSearch is a single gateway that attempts to provide references to answer clinical questions around diagnosis, aetiology, prognosis and therapy (plus physical findings, adverse treatment effects and screening/prevention) by searching only high-quality sources. In addition to articles on primary studies, SUMSearch always searches: 1) Merck Manual, 2) MEDLINE for review articles and editorials that have full texts available, 3) National Guideline Clearinghouse from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), 4) Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), 5) MEDLINE for original research. Depending on the focus requested SUMSearch will search PubMed with the highest sensitivity filters developed by Haynes et al.
McMaster Premium Literature Service
McMaster PLUS is a division within the McMaster Health Knowledge Refinery that includes the process of critically appraising articles through the Critical Appraisal Process to identify those that are methodologically sound, and rating past articles by clinicians for relevance and newsworthiness through the McMaster Online Rating of Evidence system. The McMaster PLUS is used to select content for evidence-based journals (pre-selected according to prestated criteria) of primary studies and review articles (ACP Journal Club, Evidence-Based Medicine and Evidence-Based Nursing), and for a suite of services that provide e-mail alert and searchable database of best primary evidence and reviews of best evidence from the medical literature (EvidenceUpdates, OBESITY+ and Nursing+).

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